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Texas 
in a Nutshell 

A Dictionary of Information 

Concerning the Greatest State 

in the American Union 

BY 

HARRY VAN DEMARK 

ii 



HOUSTON 

NUTSHELL PUBLISHING COMPANY 

1910 



i rift 



COPYRIGHT, 1910 

By 

HARRY VAN DEMARK 



©C!,A2?1 i 



Author's Note 

THE purposes of "Texas in a 
Nutshell" may be set forth 
in a very few words. It is 
to place before people everywhere 
accurate information concerning 
the great State of Texas, and in 
such form as to be handy of ref- 
erence at all times. It is intended 
to be the inseparable companion 
of every business man, writer and 
educator, who has occasion to 
need information concerning the 
resources of Texas — in short, 
what its sub-title indicates, "A 
Dictionary of Information (alpha- 
betically arranged) Concerning the 
Greatest State in the American 
Union." 



A 



AGATE is found in several spots in Texas, notably in Llano Count). 

AGRICULTURE: Cotton, grain, fruit and vegetables of all descrip- 
tions are grown somewhere within the borders of the state. The 
value of the farm products will average yearly nearly $360,000,000. 
For further statistics see individual subjects, such as Peaches, Cab- 
bage, 'Wheat, etc. 

ALFALFA is raised generally over the State, but grows best on the 
adobe soil and sandy loam of the Pecos and Rio Grande Valleys, 
which promises eventually to be the greatest alfalfa country in the 
United States, if not the world. Going up higher into Texas, we 
find it in the chocolate soils, and on reaching Northern Texas, we 
find it urowing luxuriantly in the heavy black waxy soils of that 
region. It grows well in the Panhandle, where it furnishes feed, 
both green and dry. for all stock. Usually about a ton is harvested 
to the acre, and from six to ten cuttings a year can be made, depend- 
in- nn the length of the -lowing season. The plant grows even in 
a mild winter, and its life is positively perennial. It is market- 
able on a fair average at $lo per ton. often yielding as high as $20. 
The yield of seed is from 120 to 360 pounds to the acre, and is 
worth ten cents per pound. Turkestan and Arabian alfalfa, from 
Asia Minor, the finest forage crop in the world, is now being experi- 
mented with in Texas. 

ALUM is an important Texas product which bids fair to assume the 
proportions of an industry. As yet, it is in an undeveloped stage. 

AMAZON STONE is found in varying quantities in the Trans-Pecos 
region of Texas. 

AMETHYST specimens are found in considerable quantity in Llano 
County, many being of a royal purple hue and of great value. 

APPLES: The Texas apple belt is in Northern Texas, in the broad 
domain along the Red River from Texarkana to Henrietta, and 
throughout the "Cross Timbers" from Gainesville and Henrietta on 
the North, to Bowie, Stephenville, Dublin and Comanche, and men 
as far South as Hamilton and Bosque Counties. The soil through 
this section is particularly adapted to apple rais'mr. and the farm- 



ers are reaping fine profits. The average proceeds from an acre 
of apples is conservatively estimated at from $2000 to $3000, accord- 
ing to variety. Varieties'best suited to Texas include Red June, Yel 
low Transparent. Ealrly Harvest, Cole's Quince, Summer Queen. San 
Jacinto, Bledso and Rambo for early spring and summer, and for 
late apples, Jonathan. Shirley. York, Imperial. Gano, Ben Davis, 
Loy, Winesap, Kinnard's Choice. Arkansas Black, M. B. Twig and 
Shockley. 

APRICOTS: Apricot trees which have been found productive in 
Central Mexico are nyw being experimented with in semi-tropical 
Texas. Many excellent results have been attained, but the indus- 
try is. as yet, in its infancy; 

AREA: Texas lias an area of 265,780 square miles. The greatest 
length is 825 miles; the greatest breadth, 740 miles. This means 
that Texas is wider than the distance from Chicago to New York, 
or from St. Louis to Philadelphia. Texas is twice as large as the 
Empire of Japan. A traveler leaving Galveston for Colorado at 7 
o'clock in the evening, reaches Texline, in the extreme Northwest 
corner of the State, two evenings later, having ridden forty-eight 
consecutive hours in one state. 

ARMY: The United States army is well represented in Texas, the 
headquarters being at Fort Sam Houston. San Antonio. Small r 
garrisons arc stationed at different points in the State, including an 
importanl post at El Paso. The State has an organized militia 
known as the National Guard, consisting of 202 officers and -J.")r>7 
enlisted men. The number of citizens available for military service 
is approximately 500,000. The Texas Bangers, a State organization. 
has done efficient service on many occasions, and the name will 
always strike terror to the hearts of the evil doers. 

ARTICHOKES, like most other vegetables, can be raised in Texas 
with the best of success. They form a luxurious growth and are 
far in advance of those grown in most other localities. 

ASBESTOS is found in many localities in YYest Texas, and is 
expected to develop into a paying industry. 

ASPARAGUS beds are found in many sections of the State. As yel. 
the demand far exceeds the supply. With good care, the yield 
will be as good in Texas as in any other section. 

ASPHALT i> found in large quantities in the oil belts of the Stat" 

hut aside from having served for paving several cities, it has n>'t 

been rnin«d to any extent. Rich opportunities are afforded f >r 

6 



investment in this business. The quantity produced in 1907, an 
average year, measured by short tons, was 53,649, valued at $929,857. 

AVACADOES are now being experimented with in the citrus fruit 
section of Texas, and the possibilities are considered unlimited. 



B 



BAMBOO: Japanese timber bamboo and Japanese matting rush 
are now being experimented with in the semi-tropical region of 
the State. The former is used as building material. It is planned 
to supplant the enormous canebrakes of Southwest Texas with this 
valuable commodity. 

BANANAS are grown with excellent success throughout the Central 
and Southern portions of the State. The extreme Southern and 
is especially prolific in this commodity, and the industry is growing 
rapidly. The plantain and fig bananas grow the best. As much as 
$150 has been cleared on a quarter of an acre. 

BANKS: There are in Texas approximately 570 State, 519 
national and 200 private banks, the total capitalization of which 
amounts to enormous figures. The total resources of the Texas 
banks of all classes have doubled within the past six years — a won- 
derful showing. The latest figures on the State banks were compiled 
by the State authorities on December 31, 1909. At that time there 
were 515 State banks, with a total capitalization of $16,128,500. The 
total resources amounted to $72,947,985.57, the total deposits to $50,- 
944,104.79. Many banks have been organized since these figures 
were compiled, and it is safe to say that the end of the year 1910 
will see at least 600 State banks in the field. 

BARLEY is raised almost exclusively in the Northern part of the 
State, where both soil and climate are well adapted to it. and ag 
far West as the Panhandle. The average yield per acre is 24.4 bush 
els. 

BASEBALL: Organized baseball has flourished in Texas for many 
years. There are at present two leagues in the State— the Texas 
League and the Southwest Texas League. The latter is a new 
organization, having ushered in its first season with the spring of 
1910. The Texas League, embracing the cities of Houston, Galveston, 
Dallas, Fort Worth, Waco and San Antonio, Texas; Oklahoma City, 
Okla.. and Shreveport, La., is an older organization. Houston was 

7 



the 1909 pennant winner. The game is well patronized in all of the 
above cities. 

BEANS of almost every variety are raised in abundance all over the 
.State and are sold to good advantage in local markets. String 
beans are a staple commodity, and are shipped in crates to a large 
number of local and foreign markets where they are placed on sale 
in advance of anything grown in that locality. Soy beans is a com- 
paratively new but successful crop. 

BEAUXITE is found in varying quantities in Texas, and is expect 
ed to develop into an industry of considerable proportions. 

BEES: Texas is the leading honey-producing State of the Union. 
There are nearly 420,000 colonies of bees within her borders, and 
the annual output of honey is 5,000.000 pounds. The up-to-date bee- 
keeper finds no difficulty in raising 100 pounds with a single colo- 
ny. The average value, per colony, according to the twelfth census, 
is* $1.95. Of wax, the average output is 41 pounds per colony. 
"Uvalde County Honey" is now a staple product, known the count) y 
over, and commanding the highest market price. Even while lead- 
ing other states in output, this is still regarded in Texas as one uf 
the coming industries. 

BEETS: Large quantities of beets are grown in Texas, and. when 
properly cared for, have a high market value. The demand nearly 
always exceeds the supply. Beets grow in midwinter in many sec- 
tions' of the State. Sugar beets are also raised with excellent results. 

BERYL is among the precious stones to be found in Texas. 

BIRDS: Among the birds to be found in Texas, and which may 
be hunted at seasons prescribed by the State game laws, may be 
mentioned, wild turkeys, wild ducks, wild geese, wild grouse, prairie 
chickens, Mongolian and English pheasants, quail, patridges, jack- 
snipe, curlews, doves and pigeons. For tame birds see Poultry. 

BLACKBERRIES, both wild and tame, are grown generally ovpi 
the State and the demand so far exceeds the supply that top 
prices prevail throughout the season. The berries are large and de 
licious, and the equal in every respect of those grown in the East. 

BREAD FRUIT: The Italian Carubo, or Carbo, tree, familiarly 
known as "Bread Fruit," grown extensively in Sicily, will eventu- 
ally be listed with other Texas products. Experiments are now 
being made with good results 



BRICK is manufactured extensively in Texas, kilns being located in 
every city of any size. For further information, see Clay. 

BROCCOLI is being grown in the truck gardens, along with cabbage 
and cauliflower. While the demand is not so great as for these 
staple products, a limited supply can always be disposed of to good 
advantage. 

BRUSSELS SPROUTS form an important part of many Texas truck 
gardens and find a ready market. 



G 



CABBAGE is the great truck crop of many counties along the central 
and lower Gulf coast, and is being raised on a general scale 
throughout the State. It nets the grower anywhere from $75 to 
$400 per acre, depending on the yield and condition of the market. 
In many instances the crop is not consigned, but sold for cash 
with enormous profit to the grower. Nearly $600 has been netted on 
a single car of cabbage. 

CACTUS: The spineless cactus, or tuna, from Argentine, South- 
ern Spain and Tripoli has been found especially adapted to South- 
west Texas. It is splendid food for cattle, and will solve the prob- 
lem of forage for arid regions. The ordinary cactus is found in 
abundance throughout the entire Western and Southwestern portions 
of the State. The wood is used for various purposes. 

CAMPHOR TREES: It is probable that in the very near future 
Texas will take her place among the camphor producing com- 
munities of the world, it having been successfully demonstrated that 
camphor trees will grow and thrive in this climate. At present 
Formosa and Japan have a corner on the supply, and the product 
is raised in China to some extent. But it remains for Texas to 
prove that the trees are well adapted to her climate, and to start 
the first camphor grove in the United' States. 

CANTALOUPES: The soil of Texas is peculiarly adapted to the 
raising of cantaloupes, particularly where sandy soil predomi- 
nates. Texas cantaloupes have a delicious flavor, and equal those of 
Colorado and other states on the Northern markets. It is an excel- 
lent money crop, and is marketed so early as to be practically clear 
of competition. 

9 



CARROTS are to be found in Texas markets almost any month of 
the year. The soil is well adapted to them, and truck farmers 
are always assured of good returns for their labors. Carrots in 
Texas have netted truck growers as much as $320 per acre. 

CASSAVA: A success has been made of this valuable product in 
South Texas, and the prospects are that Texas will soon be sup- 
plying the local demand for starch, as well as that of many outside 
points. 

CATTLE: Texas ranks first as a cattle state, having one-seventh 
of the total output in the United States. In 1900 the first cen- 
sus ever authorized by Congress to determine the exact extent of 
the live stock industry was taken. It showed that there were 9,428.- 
196 head of range cattle of all ages, representing a value of $163,- 
228.904. Of this number 3,369,000 were cows, 2,148,000 calves, 1,000,. 
000 heifers, about 1,000,000 yearlings, and about 1.000,000 one, two 
and three-year-old steers. The importation of Zebu cattle from 
India, as well as other foreign breeds, has been found profitable. 

CAULIFLOWER is a profitable Texas crop, being raised in many 
instances by the farmers who are responsible for the cabbage 
crop, but in somewhat smaller quantities, for the demand is less. 
As much as $235 has been realized from a quarter of an acre. 

CELERY is grown in great abundance, the soil of Texas being well 
adapted to the growing and bleaching of this valuable product. 
It finds a ready sale in home markets. An eighth of an acre has 
yielded as much as $100. 

CEMENT: The raw materials for the manufacture of Portland and 
other cements are found in various parts of Texas, and the 
industry is already assuming large proportions. 

CHALCEDONY is among the precious stones to be found in varying 
quantities in Texas. 

CHERRIES are raised with excellent results in the Panhandle coun- 
try of Texas, where the .winters are just cool enough to give the 
trees the necessary vitality. Home markets consume the crop. 

CHERVIL is being grown with success in Texas — especially along 
the Gulf coast. 

CITRON: The Corsican citron, now being grown in California, will 
soon be placed on the list of Texas products. Common citron is 
already raised extensively. 

10 



CLAY: While clay is already one of the chief industries of the 
State, its development may be said to have hardly begun. The 
beds and environs of nearly all the Texas rivers furnish material 
for bricks, while the coarser clays of the coast country are suit- 
able for drain tiles and rough stoneware; others are used for making 
charcoal furnaces and sewer pipes, and still others for vitrified 
brick and chinaware. The clay products for 1907 were valued at 
$2,557,561. 

CLIMATE: The "glorious climate" of other localities is often 
descanted upon by writers in portraying the attractions of fa- 
mous resorts, but that of Texas really deserves the appellation much 
more than many higher-vaunted localities. Here the biting edge of 
the Northern winter is neither felt nor feared, and the scorching 
tropical heat never invades the boundaries, for the delightful breeze 
off the Gulf cools almost the entire State. The winters are bracing 
and delightful, the summers, periods of comfortable warmth, pleas- 
ant and agreeable to the invalid, and full of attractiveness to the 
healthy and vigorous. The claims made for the climate of Texas are 
strong, but they do not lack for the best corroboration. 

CLOVER: It has been discovered that Berseem, or Egyptian clover, 
from the Valley of the Nile, if planted in the fall, will cut four 
crops before June, and it is now being experimented with in Texas. 
The more common varieties, especially Burr clover, thrive in North 
Texas, where they are grown extensively for fodder. 

CINNABAR, the chief ore of quicksilver, is extensively mined in 
Brewster -County, and occurs over a large territory. Texas will, 
within a few years, be first in the production of quicksilver. The 
production in 1907 was 17.1 of that produced in the United States. 
The output has increased from 1000 flasks of 75 pounds each, in 
1899, to 3680 flasks in 1907. These 3686 flasks were valued at 
$148,387. The mining of quicksilver in Texas under technical man- 
agement has been very profitable to Texas operators and miners. 

COAL, or lignite, was produced in thirteen Texas counties in 1907, 
bituminous coal being produced in seven and lignite in six. These 
counties are Erath, McCulloch, Maverick, Palo Pinto. Parker, Webb, 
Wise, Bastrop, Hopkins, Houston, Medina, Milam and Wood. The 
output for that year was 1,648.069 short tons, having a value of 
$2,778,811. In 1908 the production was 1,895,377 tons. The coal 
fields of Texas contain on a conservative estimate 31,000.000,000 tons 
—8,000,000,000 being bituminous, and 23,000,000,000 lignite. 

COCOANUTS: Five thousand sprouted cocoanuts were imported to 
Texas during the early part of 1910, to be used for planting pur- 

11 



poses in the tropical section of the State. It is understood that 
they can be grown in the extreme Southern end of the State, pro- 
vided they are sheltered during the winter months. Experiments 
are being awaited with interest. 

COFFEE: Experiments in coffee growing are now under way, and 
there is every reason to believe that Texas will eventually fur- 
nish a good grade of seeds for the making of this delightful beverage. 

COLLARDS are grown extensively throughout the State, and find 
a ready market. 

COPPER has been found in Archer, Baylor. El Paso, Hardeman. 
Haskell, Knox, Montague, Mason, Llano, Stonewall, Taylor and 
Burnet Counties. As yet the development is in its infancy, but the 
majority of the deposits will justify exploitation, as the ore is of 
a high grade and contains silver and gold as by-products. No copper 
is mined at present in Texas, but a vast territory in the Trans- 
Pecos region presents most economic features for mining. 

CORN has been grown in Texas almost from the day permanent set- 
tlements were made upon its soil. The crop, as a rule, is con- 
sumed within the State, although on several occasions a surplus of 
millions of bushels has been taken for export. The output in Texas 
for the year 1908 was 201.848,000 bushels. The average yield per 
acre is about twenty-five bushels. In the Northern and Central por- 
tions of the State the average yield is forty-five bushels to the acre, 
and in the rich bottom lands it runs as high as a hundred. 

CORN SALAD is grown extensively on the various truck farms of 
the State. 

CORN, BROOM: Broom corn makes a prolific growth in Texas and 
is planted extensively. A warehouse company in South Texas is 
now engaged in the handling, storing and shipping of this product. 

CORN, KAFFIR: Kaffir corn thrives in almost every corner of the 
State, and is fed extensively to live stock, being considered a fod- 
der par excellence. North Texas, the Panhandle section, and the 
Pecos and Rio Grande Valleys raise the bulk of the crop. 

CORNELIAN is among the precious stones to be found in Texas, 
many beautiful specimens having been discovered. 

COTTON: Texas is easily the lender of the cotton-producing states. 
There were 31,918,000 acres planted in the United States in 1909. 

12 



out of which 9,716,000 were planted in Texas. The Texas cotton 
crop for 1908 consisted of 4,174,206 bales. Texas produces about one 
bale of cotton per capita, which means that she produces one-fifth of 
the world's supply. The cotton belt of Texas contains in round fig- 
ures 120.000,000 acres, out of which the farmers, in an average sea- 
son, get $200,000,000. It costs about $15,000,000 to pick the crop 
each year, about $12,000,000 to gin it, and about $2,000,000 to com 
press it. The climate and soil are so peculiarly adapted to the rais- 
ing of this product that it is practically a sure crop. Egyptian cot- 
ton is being experimented with in certain sections of the State. 
There are over one hundred cotton compresses in Texas. 

COTTON SEED: Leading all other states in the production of cot- 
ton, it is but natural that Texas should lead in the cottonseed 
oil industry. There are, at the present time, 200 cotton oil mills 
in the State, having over 600 presses, capable of crushing enormous 
quantities of seed. With 3.000,000 bales, the average cotton crop in 
Texas, there is produced 1,500,000 tons of seed. About 40 per cent 
of this is saved by the farmers for planting, or fed whole. The 
remainder — 60 per cent — is crushed by the mills of the State, the 
average production of a ton of seed being as follows: Oil, 36 gal- 
lons, worth 30 cents per gallon; cake, or meal, 780 pounds, worth 
$19 per ton of 2000 pounds; hulls, 800 pounds, worth $4 per ton; 
linters, worth 4y 2 cents per pound. The price paid for cotton seed 
varies each season, but $15 per ton may be considered the average. 

COUNTIES: Texas is subdivided into 245 counties, all of which 
are under organization but Andrews, Bailey. Cochran, Crane, 
Hockley, Loving, Upton and Winkler. El Paso, the largest county, 
contains 9353 square miles, and is larger than Connecticut, Rhode 
Island and Delaware combined. 

CRESS: The finest salads are made from the cress raised on the 
truck farms of Texas. 

CUCUMBERS: This is one of the standard Texas truck crops, net- 
ting growers on an average of $500 per. acre. They are large and 
luscious and sell well on the Northern markets. 

CURRANTS are raised in the colder portions of Texas with varying 
success. 



13 



D 



DAIRYING: While the number of creameries in Texas is not large, 
more are gradually being established. The demand for fresh 
cream is so great that dairymen have frequently found it more 
profitable to dispose of this commodity without churning. An excel- 
lent grade of butter is made' and finds a ready market at home. 

DATES: Experiments are already being made with the date palm 
of the Valley of the Tigris, as well as the Tunis variety from 
Baluchistan. Government experts say there is no logical reason 
why Southwestern Texas should not become a large factor in the 
date industry. 

DEWBERRIES, both wild and cultivated, are grown in large num- 
bers, usually ripening in the early spring, and exhausting them- 
selves just before the blackberry bushes commence to bear, thus mak- 
ing a continuous season, covering several months for these products. 

DUCKS: Texas stands well toward the top in the raising of ducks, 
the average breed being of a fine quality. 



E 



EGGS: As an egg state, Texas stands ninth. Large shipments are 
made to Northern markets, after the local demand has been sup- 
plied. Prices hold up well the year 'round. The average Texas hen 
lays three times her value per annum, which means a yearly pro- 
duction of 75,000,000 eggs, valued at $10,000,000. 

EGG PLANT: This has become a staple on the Texas market. It 
derives its popularity from the variety of forms in which it may 
be served. The plants grow to an enormous size, and are ready 
sellers in home or foreign markets. 

ENDIVE is grown extensively in all sections of the State. The foli- 
age is enormous, and one plant has been known to furnish salad 
for several meals. 

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EPSONITE is one of the non-metallic mineral products of Texas, 
and will eventually prove of considerable importance as an 
industry. 



FARMING: It is conservatively estimated that Texas farms pro- 
duce $1,549,000 per day. The Texas farmer ships $1,200,000 worth 
of raw material to the foreign factory every day. The average 
Texas farm contains 357 acres. Texas farmers are regarded as the 
most prosperous in the Union. Dry farming is meeting with great 
favor in many sections. 

FELDSPAR: It is reported from Barringer Hill, in Llano County, 
that there are individual crystals of feldspar from five to ten 
feet in length, one of which weighs 1000 pounds. This is one of the 
largest specimens ever found in the world. 

FENUGREEK, from the shores of the Mediterranean, a leguminous 
plant which will restore the fertility of irrigated lands, is now 
being experimented with in Western Texas by the L T nited States 
department of agriculture. The weed is a great curative and fat- 
tener and will, so physicians state, prevent consumption if taken in 
the early stages of the disease. It may be profitably used as an 
ingredient to the stock powders that have been previously imported. 
The plant resembles common clover, and might easily be mistaken 
for that unless closely compared. 

FERGUSONITE occurs in three stages on Barringer Hill in Llano 
County. The purest has a specific gravity of 5.65, and contains 
42 per cent of yttria. 

FERTILIZERS: Valuable fertilizers have been found in Texas, but, 
as yet. little use has been made of them. They include bat 
guano, green sand marls, and other marls. U'hile phosphates have not 
been found in commercial quantities, there are good indications. 

FIBERS: A great many fiber-producing plants are found in Texas 
Several varieties of wild flax and hemp plants occur, and many 
of the weeds which now cover thousands of acres, are capable of 
being made into paper, twine, rope, bagging, sacks, burlaps, carpets 
and textile fabrics. Among the most important is the lechuguilla. 
an agavo, which covers an area of 20,000 square miles in the Trans. 
Pecos country. Another valuable fiber plant, resembling somewhat 

15 



the lechuguilla, is the sotol or bear grass, which is an important 
item of forage. It is predicted that it will furnish raw material for 
the manufacture of alcohol. Jute and ramie also thrive in Texas. 
Mills for extracting the fiber of the lechuguilla have already been 
established in West Texas, and the industry will no doubt assume 
important dimensions in the future. 

FIGS: While the area of Texas adapted to fig culture is, as yet, 
undetermined, there is a proven belt extending from Nacogdoches 
on the East to Brownwood on the West, and South to the coast line. 
Most of this area is in what is known as the semi-tropical belt, 
and needs no irrigation. For successful fig raising black sandy loam 
produces the best results. As yet, the market for fresh figs hardly 
does more than consume the output, the greater portion of the crop 
being taken in charge by the preserving plants scattered throughout 
the fig district. The coast country has come rapidly to the front 
during the past ten years, and here some of the finest orchards in 
the United States are to be found. Figs constitutes one of the few 
practically sure crops. Preserved figs sell at advanced prices the 
year 'round. The fig industry is growing rapidly and there is every 
indication that Texas will soon be looked upon as the chief source 
of this very desirable fruit. Under normal conditions two-year-old 
trees yield $20 to $30 per acre; three-year-old trees from $60 to $75; 
four year-old from $125 to $175. Older trees should yield $200 per 
acre. The United States government is experimenting with the 
famous Symrna fig, and this, too, will eventually be added to the 
long list of Texas fruits. 

FISH: The following fish are found along the coast line and in 
the lakes and rivers of Texas: Flounuer, Spanish mackerel, sheeps- 
head, bluefish, croaker, redfish, red snapper, sea trout and pompano. 
The fish catch runs from 3,000,000 to 6.000.000 pounds per annum. 
Among the non-edible fish to be found along the Texas coast are 
tarpon, the fish most coveted by sportsmen, and menhaden, or sil. 
verside. which is caught by seining and which is valuable for its 
fish oil and fertilizer. Many fresh water streams contain bass, 
croppie, perch, buffalo and catfish. The United States government 
has an extensive fish hatchery at San Marcos. 

FLAX: See Fibers. 

FLINT is among the non-metallic mineral productions of Texas, and 
already a market has been found to care for the output. 

FLOWERS: Texas is especially fortunate in flowers, both wild and 
cultivated. The State flower is the Bluebonnet. Roses of ail 

16 



colors and varieties grow luxuriantly. Two favorite flowers are the 
Cape Jessamine and Magnolia, both of which are noted for their 
fragrance. An extensive industry has been established for the Jes- 
samines, which are shipped North in crates, along with fruits and 
vegetables. Chrysanthemums are grown extensively. Almost any 
flower grown in the United States can be grown in Texas, so vari- 
able are the soils. In certain regions are grown many of the rare 
plants and flowers that have been introduced by florists as expen- 
sive novelties in the Northern states and Europe. An expert recently 
calculated that on one ranch alone at least $10,000 worth of per- 
fume-bearing blossoms were going to waste annually. 

FORAGE CROPS for Texas for the year 1908 totaled 5,000,000 tons. 

FORESTS: The forests of Texas are most noted for their yield of 
yellow pine lumber, which is known the world over. Forestry 
planting is now in its infancy, but its possibilities are boundless. 
Cypress, oak, red and white cedar, and many other valuable woods 
are found in abundance. Producers of turpentine, resin, tar and 
creosote are now looking to Texas for their supply and a wonderful 
development has been started. Besides the trees of medium size, 
there is an abundant growth of smaller trees, with hard close-grained 
woods suitable for cabinet making, furniture, etc. The value of 
Texas lumber products for one year alone was $16,206,473. 

FRUIT: Texas is fast becoming the fruit country of the United 
States. Few fruits there are which can not be grown profitably 
in some section of the State. For further information, see individual 
topics, such as Pears, Blackberries, etc. 

FULLER'S EARTH is found in many parts of the State, especially 
in the tertiary era. Deposits have recently been opened in Bur- 
leson and Washington Counties. The product has been found exc?l. 
lent for bleaching and refining purposes. 



G 



GADALIMITE: This rare mineral is found in Llano County, and 
is not discovered elsewhere in the United States, except in Colo- 
rado. This mineral contains the rare oxides of yttrium and zir- 
conium, a limited quantity of which is used in the construction of 
the Nernst electric lamp. The oxides conduct an electric current, and 
glow after they are heated to redness. The mineral is mined purely 
for those oxides. 

17 



GAME: Many of the thickly-timbered regions of Texas contain 
deer, antelope, bobcats, and some bears, though the latter are 
pretty well exterminated. Squirrels, gophers, prairie dogs, and other 
small game is found in abundance. For fowls, see Birds. 

GARLIC growing has reached a stage of sufficient importance to be 
classed as a regular truck crop. It is being shipped occasionally 
in carload lots. 

GAS, NATURAL: Natural gas has been discovered in large quan- 
tities in every oil field of the State, but only recently, since the 
oil excitement began to die out, has it been seriously considered as 
a useful commodity. It will, no doubt, prove one of the most valu- 
able of the State's industries. Natural gas to the value of $178,270 
was used in 1907. 

GEESE: Texas raises more geese than any other state in the Union 
except Kentucky. 

GEMS: In many parts of Texas valuable gems have been found in 
the creeks and gullies. Some of the hillsides and canyon slopes 
sparkle with semi-precious stones. For further information see 
individual topics, such as Amethyst, Opals, Onyx, etc. 

GOATS: Angora goats are raised through the Northern, Central and 
Western parts of the State, this being conceded by experts to be 
the best place for them in the United States. The industry has 
come rapidly to the front, and as a profitable investment is unex- 
celled. The goat furnishes several pounds of fine mohair, increases 
fifty per cent, raises its kids, and boards itself on brush and weeds. 
The first mohair factory in the South is now located in the Nueces 
country. There are. in round numbers, 900.000 goats in Texas. 

GOLD is found associated with copper ores in placer deposits in 
Llano. Blanco and other counties, as well as in the Trans-Pecos 
region. There are. as yet, no developed mines, but there are many 
places where the metal can be recovered in placers and by shaft 
mining in satisfactory quantities. The gold mined in Texas in 1907 
was 48 ounces, Troy, valued at $1000. 

GOURDS of all shapes, sizes and varieties are grown in every corner 
of the State. 

GRAHAMITE is among the non-metallic minerals of which Texas 
can boast. 

GRANITE is found in Texas in large quantities, that from Granit* 
Mountain having won praise from experts. It is used extensively 
in the erection of public buildings in Texas. 

18 



GRAPES: Grape culture is increasing every year and can be made 
a success in practically every part of the State. The following 
varieties have been tested and found good shippers: Albania, Ameri- 
ca, Bailey, Beacon, Blondin, Brilliant, Carmen, Cloeta, Fern, Gold 
Coin, Headlight, Husman, Manito, Muscadine, Mericadel, Muench, 
Wapanka and Xluta. Scuppernongs grow extensively in Texas, from 
which an excellent champagne is made. Grapes, well cared for, yield 
from $50 to $200 per acre. 

GRAPE FRUIT is raised extensively through the Southern portion 
of Texas, and will eventually develop into one of the best paying 
industries. 

GRAPHITE is found in several parts of Texas, and is used to good 
advantage by local concerns. 

GRASSES of all kinds flourish in Texas, including Bermuda, mat- 
ting grass, timothy, red top, Johnson, orchard. Awnless brome, 
English blue grass, Kentucky blue grass, and para grass. The lat- 
ter, as a fodder, is developing into an industry. 

GUANOS: Bat guanos are found in limestone caves, in the counties 

surrounding the Edwards plateau. They are considered on a par 

with the Peruvian guanos, and will develop into a valuable industry. 

GUAVAS are grown extensively in Southern Texas, and the jelly 
obtained from them is in great demand. 

GYPSUM is found in many places in Texas. In Northwest Texas 
is found the largest gypsum bed in the world. This product is 
found chiefly in the red beds country, where it extends from Mitchell 
to Hardeman Counties. It is also found in the Trans-Pecos region 
and in connection with many of the oil fields of the State. Hard 
wall plasters and plaster of Paris are manufactured. It is one of 
the most valuable of Texas resources. 



H 



HAY is one of the most profitable crops raised in Texas. There are 
thousands of hay presses in use throughout the State, and these 
turn out a baled product inferior to none. It meets with a ready 
sale in home or foreign markets. Pea vine hay is being raised 
extensively. The Texas hay crop of 1908 amounted to 1,072,000 tons, 
valued at '$8,844,000. 

19 



HEALTH: That Texas is one of the healthiest places on earth is 
proved by the death rate, which is only eleven per thousand per 
annum. The birth rate is thirty-three per thousand per annum. 

HEMP: See Fibers. 

HISTORIC SPOTS: Among the many spots of historic interest in 
Texas may be mentioned the Alamo, where Travis. Bowie 
Crockett, and their brave companions gave up their lives that Texas 
might be free from the Mexican despot, Santa Anna; the San Jacinto 
battle ground, some twenty miles below Houston on the Houston Ship 
Channel, where Sam Houston vanquished the enemy and won the 
fight for Texas Independence, and which is now being converted by 
the State into a handsome park; the missions at San Antonio, and 
the numerous forts, blockhouses and battlefields throughout the 
State, with which are associated traditions of love, death and 
romance. 

HISTORY: La Salle landed at Matagorda Bay in February, 1685. 
Upon his death, some years later, Spain declared herself the law- 
ful owner of Texas, because of her conquest of Mexico, of which 
Texas was considered a part. After Mexico achieved her indepen- 
dence from Spain her rule of Texas became tyrannical, resulting in 
the Texas revolution, and the ultimate independence of the State in 
1836. The annexation to the United States in 1846, and the Mexican 
War, fought in her defense by Uncle Sam, are matters with which 
every schoolboy is familiar. 

HOGS: Texas is rapidly taking a leading place among the hog- 
raising states, and the industry bids fair to assume enormous 
proportions. The hogs of Texas are worth in round numbers $18,502,- 
000. 3,304,000 head being the latest production per annum. Alfalfa 
and Bermuda grass constitute the backbone of the hog industry, and 
hogs may be pastured the year 'round. The State has been found 
well adapted even to the raising of Tamwoths. 

HOLIDAYS observed fn Texas, but not observed in other states, are 
March 2, Texas Independence Day, and April 21, the anniversary 
of the battle of San Jacinto. 

HONEY: See Bees. 

HORSERADISH: Malin horseradish from Bohemia is being experi- 
mented with in Texas with excellent results. It can be grown 
both in Central and Southern Texas. Two million pounds have been 
exported in a single year. 

HORSES: Texas horses, including standard bred trotters, have come 
to have a high market value in the North and East. There are 

20 



1,312.000 head in the State, which makes Texas rank third. These 
horses are valued at $93,152,000. Horse breeding is one of the staid 
old industries of Texas and never fails to bring ample remuneration. 



I 



ICE: Texas leads in the manufacture of ice, and has several hun- 
dred up-to-date plants within her borders. Almost every town of 
any size has installed an ice plant, and at no season of the year is 
there a dearth of this article. 

IMMIGRATION: In the past ten years, 30,000 immigrants have 
landed at the port of Galveston. Every railroad entering the 
State brings homeseekers, semi-monthly excursions being run prac- 
tically the year 'round from the Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City 
gateways. The eyes of the world are on Texas, and the influx of 
people is increasing each passing year. It has been conservatively 
estimated that about 200 people move to and locate permanently in 
Texas every day in the year. Some 250,000 prospectors and tourists 
visit Texas annually. 

INCOME: The gross income of Texas is $1,302,505,000 per annum. 

IRON: Texas has some of the richest iron deposits in the world, 
notably those of Llano County, which have, up to the present time, 
remained practically untouched, and Cherokee County, where the 
State, with its penitentiary hands runs a large and successful smelter. 
These deposits are several hundred miles apart, and of an entirely 
different character, the former being in the Northern part of South- 
west Texas; the latter about the center of East Texas. Altogether 
limonites, herniatites, magnetic and manganiferous iron ores occur 
in over thirty-four counties. The limonites in Northeast Texas are 
found in nineteen counties having an area of known deposits of 
over 1000 square miles. 

IRRIGATION: Plants of enormous proportions have been installed 
throughout the State, not only in the rice belt, but in those regions 
where the rainfall is not what is needed for the successful growing 
of crops, and the State is gradually being transformed, until soon 
every available acre will be under cultivation. Many important 
irrigation projects are now in course of organization. 



21 



JASPER is among the precious stones to be found in limited quan- 
tities in Texas. 

JESSAMINE: See Flowers. 

JUTE: See Fibers. 

K 

KALE is grown extensively in different parts of Texas. 

KAOLIN of the best quality has been found in many portions of 
the State, and samples of it manufactured in the potteries of 
the East have produced wares equal to the finest China made 
in America. Notable among the deposits is that in Edwards County, 
which is now in the hands of an Eastern syndicate. Another de- 
posit of excellent quality is found near Kosse, Robertson County. 
Utner deposits are found in Atascosa, Burnet, Fayette, Llano and 
Uvalde Counties. 

KOHLRABI is raised extensively throughout the State, and meets 
with a ready sale in home markets. 



L 



LABOR. For men who want to work, live and prosper, there is no 
place like Texas. Wages here compare favorably with the most 
favored places in the country, and, in many cases, are the highest 
paid anywhere in the United States, which means in the world. 
No man, be he farmer, farm laborer, mechanic or artisan, need 
long be out of employment in Texas. 

LAWS: The laws of Texas have been praised by men high in life 
all over the country as being sensible and just, and allowing 
the free-born American citizen, or the adopted citizen the protec- 
tion so dear to all liberty-loving hearts. 

22 



LEAD: This industry will prove a, valuable one, and is being 
developed as rapidly as men can be induced to take hold of 
it. The mineral is found in Burnet, El Paso, Gillespie, Llano, 
Mason, Montague and Presidio Counties, as well as in other por- 
tions of the Trans-Pecos region. The production for 1907 was 
10 short tons, valued at $1000. 

LECHUGUILLA: See Fibers. 

LEEK is grown extensively and finds a ready sale in home markets. 

LEGUMES of the Mammoth Yellow, Hollybrook and Haberlandl 
for medium late varieties, and Ito San for a late variety, are 
grown profitably in Texas. 

LEMONS: Sicilian lemons are grown in Southern Texas with prof- 
itable results. The fruit is large and juicy, and compares well 
with the same product in other sections of the country. It will 
undoubtedly develop into one of the best paying industries of the 
State. Lemons from the La Parra ranch of Texas were rated higher 
at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition than those from California. 
Ponderosa lemons are developing into a valuable industry in the 
coast country. 

LESPEDEZA: This product is sometimes called Japan clover, and 
is grown in the Southern part of the State. It is highly valued 
for pasturage and hay. 

LETTUCE is a reliable truck crop in all sections of the State, grows 
well, and always finds a market. 

LIGNITE: See Coal. 

LIMES are grown in Southern Texas, where the industry is yet 
in its infancy. It will develop into an important industry. 

LIMESTONE is found in large quantities in Travis and Comal 
Counties, where hydrated lime is manufactured. 

LIVE STOCK: Texas has more live stock than any other state in 
the Union. In round numbers it reaches 16,000,000 head, valued 
at nearly $325,000,000. For further information, see individual sta- 
tistics, such as Horses, Cattle, etc. 

LOQUATS: The Japanese loquat, which in that country is grown 
in the same latitude as in certain portions of Texas, is being 

23 



experimented with in this State, and will doubtless add an im- 
portant industry to the list. 

LUMBER: The finest timber in the world is found in the forests 
of Texas. Practically the whole world is asking for American 
wood and its products, and it is quite evident that the forests of 
East Texas constitute one of our most important resources. Lum- 
bermen are now utilizing woods which were, until quite recently, 
considered almost valueless, and many sawmill products are being 
used which were formerly wasted. In 1907 Texas produced 2.220.- 
590,000 feet of lumber, 95.7.">3,000 shingles, and 58.2o9,000 laths, with 
a total valuation of $31,17.">.077. 



M 



MACARONI WHEAT is being raised in quantities which increase 
each year. It bids fair to become a staple product. 

MACKINTOSHITE, being composed principally of uranium and 
thoria, and having a specific gravity of 5% per cent is found in 
considerable quantity in Llano County. 

MAGAZINES: Texas is fortunate in having a large number of 
high class magazines — in fact, her place in the magazine pub- 
lishing business is such that if none of the large Northern maga- 
zines entered the State, those published here would provide suf- 
ficient entertainment and instruction to keep the busy people 
of Texas reading for practically all their spare time. The "Texas 
Magazine" of Houston has entered th<? 15-cent field with the larger 
publications of the country; "Holland's" of Dallas has long been 
known as a fine example of Texas magazine making. The "Gulf 
Coast Magazine" is a quarterly exponent of the lower coast coun- 
try, and is. typographically, a thing of beauty; others, including 
trade publication-,, arc "American Home Journal," Dallas; "The 
Harpoon," Austin; "Texas Tit-Bits," "Automobile News," "Texas 
Realty Journal." "Texas Tradesman." "Southwest." "Rice In- 
dustry." and "Southwestern Electrician," Houston: "Field and 
Stream," San Antonio. Dallas and Houston are at present the 
most active publishing centers. There are many farm journals, in 
eluding "Farm and Ranch," Dallas; "Texas Stockman and Farmer." 
San Antonio, and "The Southwestern Farmer." Houston. 

MAGNESITE is among the non-metallic mineral products to be 
found in varying quantities in Texas. 

24 



MAGNOLIAS: See Flowers. 

MANGANESE deposits have been discovered in Mason County, hut 
have not been prospected enough to discover their actual worth. 

MANGOES of several varieties are grown in South Texas, where the 
soil is admirably adapted to them. 

MANGOSTEEN from the Malay archipelago, a fruit more delicate 
in taste than the plum, high-priced and valued as a product, can 
unquestionably be grown in South Texas and experiments along 
this line are now under way. 

MANUFACTURES: In 1900 Texas ranked twenty-fifth in manu- 
factures, but this percentage has been largely increased. The 
capital invested was $164,318,363. and the value of the products 
$193,452,270. Lumber ranks first; cottonseed oil and cake second: 
other leading industries being car building and shop construction 
by railroads, brick, tile and pottery; flour and grist; foundry 
and machine shops; breweries; printing and publishing; saddlery 
and harness, in the order named. A paper mill at Orange is mak- 
ing a fine quality of wrapping paper from chips and shavings 
and other mill refuse, and they will soon be making paper from 
rice straw, cottonseed hulls, corn stalks and sunflowers. It is 
only a question of a little time before we will obtain imple- 
ments, wagons and other vehicles from factories located in Texas, 
as we now obtain furniture, show cases, office fixtures, box. crate 
and basket material and many other commodities. 

MARBLE: In the Trans-Pecos region there are mountains of 
marble of the finest quality, including black, white, gray, antique 
and other varieties. 

MARCOSITE is among the non-metallic minerals to be found in 
varying quantities in Texas. 

MESQUITE, a valuable hardwood, is used extensively for fence 
posts, and for lumber where the trees are large enough. It will 
eventually play an important part in the manufacture of furni- 
ture. It is found throughout the entire Western portion of the 
State. 

MICA is found in the Trans-Pecos region and the mining of it will 
eventually develop into a profitable industry. 

MILLET is grown successfully in Northern Texas, where large 
returns are realized from its cultivation. 

25 



MILO MAIZE is raised extensively in the Northern section of the 
State; also in the Panhandle and Peeos and Rio Grande Valleys. 
It is rapidly developing in value, not only for fodder, but as a 
cash crop. 

MINERALS: The history of the minerology of Texas is yet to be 
written. He is a wise man. indeed, who can tell off-hand the 
deposits of valuable minerals which lie beneath the surface of the 
State. The fact remains, however, that some 206 minerals, min- 
eral species, metallic and non-metallic, occur through out the State. 
Some are rare specimens of industrial value; others possess no 
value save for laboratory tests. The Texas mining products are 
valued at $16,566,000 per annum. For further information, see in- 
dividual statistics, such as Iron, Kaolin, Silver, etc. 

MINERAL WATERS: Texas is noted for its boundless array of 
mineral water health resorts, they being scattered over a wide 
territory. The mineral water product for the year 1907 — a fair 
average — in gallons sold was 1,146,279, valued at $152,233. 

MINT is grown extensively in various parts of Texas. 

MISSIONS: Among the most interesting sights in Texas from an 
historical viewpoint are the Missions founded by the Spanish 
friars as follows: Nuestro del Pilar, 1715, founded by De Alarconne. 
Did not prosper and was transferred to San Antonio. Nuestro 
Senora de Los Dolores, 1716, founded by the Duke of Valero and 
also transferred to San Antonio. The Alamo (San Antonio de 
Valero), 1716. founded by the Duke of Valero on the Rio Grande 
and later transferred to San Antonio; Concepcion La Purissma de 
Acuna, 1722, founded by the Marquis Casa Fuerta at San Antonio; 
San Francisco de la Espada, 1731. at San Antonio; Nuestro Senora 
de Guadalupe, 1714, founded by Diego Ramon, whose extensive ruins 
are still to be seen in the mission valley; La Bashia del Espiritu 
Santo, 1718, founded by Dom Domingo Teran at Goliad, and claimed 
to be the successor of the Aranama, said to have been built in 
1601 on the Trinity river; La Trinidad, presumed to have been 
founded also in 1601 on the Trinity; Nuestro Senora de Loratto, 
1712, founded by Ramon on Matagorda Bay. and later transferred 
to San Antonio; Nuestro Senora de Nacogdoches, 1716, also founded 
by Ramon, whose ruins are still well preserved; Nuestro Senora 
de Orquizaeco, 1715, founded by Ramon near San Jacinto. Few 
remains. Transferred to San Antonio in 1772; San Fernando 
1732, Cathedral at San Antonio. Still in use, and which was 
nucleus of presidio San Fernando, later San Antonio; San Jose de 
Aguayo, 1718, built by Aguayo and completed in 1781. Located 
at San Antonio, and said to be the most beautiful mission in 

26 



America; San Juan Capistrano, 1731, also built by Aguayo at San 
Antonio; chapel still in use; San Saba, 1734, also at San Antonio. 

MOLYBDEMITE, a sulphide of molybdum, used in alloying steel, 

has been found in considerable quantities on Barringer Hill, 

Llano County. Several chunks weighed as high as two pounds each. 

MONOZITE, containing rare earth metals, is to be found in Llano 
County. It contains thorium, from which is made the oxide of 
thorium, used in the manufacture of incandescent mantels for 
gas lighting. While the process of manufacture is a secret closely 
guarded by the manufacturers, it is known to contain thorium 
largely in excess of other constituents. Monozite will become of 
economic import in Texas when the deposits in the North and South 
Carolinas have become exhausted. 

MULBERRIES are grown extensively in Texas. They are used 
for preserves, jelly, wine and cordial. Conditions in this State 
are well suited to the silk worm industry. 

MULES: Texas is considered especially favorable for the breeding 
of mules, and has on many occasions furnished large numbers 
for war purposes, the Boer war being a notable example. The 
sales often range as high as $200 per head in carload lots, that 
being an average price for first-class stock. Texas has more mules 
than any other state, recent figures placing the number at 688.000, 
valued at $63,984,000. 

MUSHROOMS: The growing of mushrooms for profit is fast de- 
veloping into an industry. They grow wild in all portions of 
the State. 

MUSTARD thrives in all parts of Texas, and mustard greens are 
used practically the year round for soup and salad. 



N 



NAVAL STORES: Resin and turpentine are produced in abundance 
in the pine forests of East Texas. Plans for their development 
are now well matured. Several plants have been established, and 
there are many more in prospect. It is estimated that this industry 
will soon reach a yearly output of 200,000 barrels of spirits and 
660,000 barrels of resin. 

27 



NEWSPAPERS: There are nearly one thousand publications of 
all kinds in the State of Texas, of which number about 750 are 
newspapers. Texas is noted for the metropolitan appearance of 
her great dailies, many of which are read and quoted in all parts 
of the country. There are about 100 daily papers in the State. 

NITRE is among the non-metallic mineral products of Texas. 

NIVENITE, a mineral composed of 65 per cent of uranium, 10 
per cent of oxide of lead, and a small percentage of yttria and 
thoria, is found in considerable quantity in Llano County. 

NUTS: There is no agricultural pursuit which promises a more 
certain and profitable crop than nut growing, and during the 
past two years great development has been noticed. Edible nuts 
grow well in Texas, both wild and under cultivation. The chief 
nut crop is the pecan, of which enormous quantities have been 
shipped annually. They bring, on an average, $1250 per car, 
Improved varieties sell for 20 to 60 cents per pound. Hickory 
nuts are also raised in abundance. Walnuts are grown profitably, 
as are chinquapins, hazel nuts and almonds. It is predicted that 
the latter will some day rival pecans. English walnuts and chest- 
nuts are also grown extensively. The government has experimented 
with the Spanish hardshell almond with flattering success. 



o 



OATS: Texas produced 21,675,000 bushels of oats in 1908. 

OCHRE and other mineral plants are found in abundance in Llano 
County, and other mineral regions of Texas, but, as yet, the 
industry is in an undeveloped state. 

OIL: The oil fields of Texas are known far and wide for their 
unusual productivity. They are producing thousands of barrels 
per day. The counties in Texas in which oil is found, either in 
large or small quantities, are as follows: Anderson, Bastrop, Bell, 
Bexar, Brazoria, Brewster, Brown, Burleson, Caldwell, Clay, Cole- 
man, Cook, Coryell, Denton, Duval, Edwards, El Paso, Gonzales, 
• limes, Hardin. Harris, Jack, Jefferson, Live Oak, McCulloch, Mc- 
Lennan, McMulIen, Medina, Montague, Nacogdoches, Navarro, 
Nueces, Palo Pinto, Pecos, Reeves, San Augustine, Shelby, Tar- 
rant, Travis. Wilson and Matagorda. The total shipments by car 
and vessel for 1909 aggregated 14,838,609 barrels of 32 gallons 

28 



each, or over 3,000,000 in excess of 1908. The average price per 
barrel, free on board car or vessel, ranges from 85 to 95 cents. 

OKRA is one of the most palatable of Southern vegetables, and 
okra gumbo one of the most famous, as well as delicious, dishes 
ever prepared by a cook. It is grown extensively in Texas, and can 
be disposed of in home markets. 

OLIVES are raised extensively in the Southern half of Texas, and 
will some day be among the leading industries. 

ONIONS are grown generally throughout the State and always prove 
a profitable crop. Just at present the Gulf Coast country seems 
to hold the record for results, both in quantity shipped and in 
financial returns. It rivals cabbage as a leading truck crop. One 
car of Bermuda onions recently netted $606.57. Another truck 
farmer netted $4000 from a fourteen-acre patch. Official figures 
of the Southern Texas Truck Growers' Association show that 350.- 
964 crates of onions, amounting to 742 cars, were shipped out of 
Texas during 1907, an average season. The gross receipts of these 
onions amounted to $647,271.38, netting the growers $478,234.69. 

ONYX is among the precious stones to be found in certain sections 
of Texas. 

OPALS are found in boundless profusion in many parts of Texas, 
but are, for the most part, not particularly valuable. 

ORANGES: Texas is already famous for her Satsuma oranges, 
which are raised in great abundance throughout the Southeast- 
ern portion of the State, in what is generally spoken of as the 
Houston-Galveston district, and are the equal of those of Florida and 
California. They are of good size, delicious in flavor, and make 
good shippers. This is one of the coming industries. Matured 
orchards yield from $500 to $1000 per acre, $600 being considered 
a fair average, though eight-year-old trees will go higher. The 
Satsuma being a budded fruit, on hearty trifoliata stock, it is 
practically immune from freezes. Lands in the orange belt are 
being rapidly snapped up by homeseekers. The uniform success of 
those who have orchards in bearing, which may be seen by every 
homeseeker visiting this part of the State, the fine crops they have 
had and the big financial returns they have received has given an 
impetus to this industry which will not abate as long as an acre of 
ground is left. 

OYSTERS: Although Texas oysters have long been known to 
Texas people, it is only in recent years that they have as- 

29 



sumed proportions that would justify the name of an industry. 
Today there are probably 1500 men engaged in the oyster business 
on the Texas coast. The natural advantages for the successful 
cultivation of oysters can not be excelled anywhere. At the present 
time they are procured from natural reefs, which will some day 
become exhausted, but Texas has over 1700 square miles of in- 
land bays suitable for oyster culture — more oyster water than any 
other state — and offers the best terms to growers. While some 
planting has been carried on recently, there is abundant room for 
development. Texas has at present 4087 acres of oyster beds, 
yielding 102,327 barrels per annum. 



PALMS are grown generally through the semi-tropical region of 
Texas, where they are used both for private grounds and in 
beautifying the streets and parks of the towns and cities. 

PAPAYAS, familiarly termed "paw-paws," are grown extensively in 
the Brownsville district. 

PARSLEY is grown on all truck farms, and finds a ready sale in 
home markets. 

PARSNIPS have been found a profitable crop by truck farmers all 
over the State. 

PEACHES of a great variety are raised generally over the State, 
but those of the Central and Eastern portions seem to yield the 
heaviest crops. They find a ready sale in home markets, but many 
are shipped North, where they bring excellent returns. The El- 
berta is the best known variety, and others include Solway, Alex- 
ander and Mamie Ross. So large was the peach crop of 1910 that 
the railroads found difficulty in furnishing sufficient cars to 
handle it. 

PEANUTS form a most productive and valuable crop in Texas. 
Formerly the yield was disposed of in home markets, but the 
industry has increased to such an extent that now many carloads 
are sent each year to various sections of the country. The first 
peanut plant in the State for cleaning, shelling and handling pea- 
nuts was recently established at Paris. 

30 



PEARL is found in varying quantities in certain portions of the 
State. 

PEARS: The raising of pears is one of the staid old industries 
of Texas, the two favorite varieties being Keiffer and Le Conte. 
Bartletts and others are also raised, but in a much smaller quan- 
tity. Pears seem to grow equally well in all parts of the State 
where fruit is raised. Alligator pears, or aguacates, a delicious 
fruit, is grown in the semi-tropical portions of the State and the 
demand is greater than the supply. 

PEAS: Green peas are profitably grown in any truck growing 
community in Texas and the yield is always heavy. Black-eyed 
peas, and cowpeas are raised extensively, being used for both food 
and fodder. The yield of these varieties is prolific and the peas 
will grow on almost any kind of soil. 

PEGMATYTE is found in large quantities in Llano County. Where 
ordinary granite is composed of minute grains, pegmatyte has 
grains of unusual size, often being several feet in diameter. 

PEPPERS are raised extensively throughout Texas, and find a ready 
sale in home markets. 

PERSIMMONS, usually with a Japanese strain, are raised in most 
parts of Texas. There are also many native persimmon seed- 
lings which grow wild on the prairie timber sections. 

PINEAPPLES are grown in the extreme Southern end of the State, 
and will eventually become one of Texas' best paying industries. 

PLANTS: Besides the beautiful flowers with which Texas abounds, 
there are many useful hedge shrubs, ornamental mosses, rare 
ferns and aquatic plants, soap plants, tanning plants, paper plants 
spices and an endless variety of medicinal plants. The cultivation 
of drug plants and herbs is well under way. There is every in- 
dication that eventually licorice, quinine, ginger, tumeric and chicory 
plants will be thriving within the borders of the State. 

PLUMS: Texas grows more varieties of plums than any other 
State. Single trees and single acres have made phenomenal 
records. Of the different families of plums grown in the State, 
the following are the most important: Chickasaw, Wild Goose. 
Golden Beauty, Americana. Hybrids, Japan and Australis. The 
Gonzales also grows here and is used for Northern markets early in 
the season. 

31 



POMEGRANATES are grown in the semi-tropical region of Texas, 
and find a ready market at home. A valuable industry, but as 
yet in its infancy. 

POPULATION: It is estimated that the 1910 census returns will 
give Texas a population well above the 5,000,000 mark. Ninety- 
eight per cent of her people speak English, and 69 per cent reside in 
the rural districts. According to a report, there were in 1909 2,603,- 
570 native born citizens in Texas. The increase has been more rapid 
during the past decade than ever before in the history of the state. 

PORTS: Texas is well supplied with ports, both coast and in- 
land, and her shipping interests are playing no small part in 
the State's development. Galveston is the second port in the United 
States, being surpassed only by New York City. The value of 
foreign exports to the port for the year ending June 30, 1909. 
was $189,449,557. The government is now engaged in deepening 
the harbor, which project will include the ports of Texas City 
and Bolivar Roads, and the Houston Ship Channel, which has already 
a depth of 18 feet, and which will be increased to 25. During the 
last fiscal year about 1.064.000 tons were moved through the port 
of Houston, mostly by barges, the value of which was $35,000,000. 
Port Arthur, another coming seaport, is 14 miles inland from the 
Gulf, and is reached by a 25-foot channel from Sabine Pass. The 
latter port also has a depth of 25 feet. Beaumont, by means 
of the Neches River, is in a fair way to become one of the State's 
greatest ports, the river there ranging in depth from 40 to 60 feet. 
Practically the same may be said of Orange, on the Sabine. Corpus 
Christi has long been considered of importance as a port, as has 
Paso del Norte. Aransas Pass has 25 to 40 feet of water, and 
an appropriation of $200,000 to carry on the work during 1910 
Velasco. at the mouth of the Brazos, also has deep water. 

POTATOES, both sweet and Irish, are raised extens-vely in Texas, 
and have a high market value at all seasons of the year. The 
demand at present far exceeds the supply. Texas produced 5.750,000 
bushels of sweet and 3,550,000 bushels of Irish potatoes in 1908. 

POULTRY: Nowhere is there a state more favorable for the rais- 
ing of poultry than Texas. Poultry prices hold up well the year 
'round. For further information, see individual statistics, such as 
Ducks, etc. 

PRUNES: While yet in its infancy, there is every indication that 
the prune industry will become of considerable importance dur- 
ing the next few years. The Centra] Plains section seems best 
adapted for the raising of this commodity. 

32 



PUMPKINS: Texas raises the most luscious pumpkins in the 

South, and finds no difficulty in marketing her crop. Many 

varieties are raised, including both the common yellow and kershaw 

PYRITE is among the non-metallic mineral products of the State. 



Q 



QUARTZ: Monstrous crystallizations of quartz are found on Bar- 
ringer Hill, in Llano County. 

QUICKSILVER: See Cinnabar. 

QUINCE: This fruit is raised in profitable quantities in the semi- 
tropical section of Texas. At present the supply far exceeds 
the demand. 



R 



RADISHES are raised wherever cabbages, beets and other vege- 
tables are grown, and never fail to produce gratifying results 
as well as good returns. 

RADIUM: Close examination of the quarry at Barringer Hill in 
Llano County has revealed a formation containing radio streaks, 
extending in several directions. While these would indicate the 
presence of radium, none has yet been discovered. It is expected 
the tests of the coming year will be productive of results. 

RAILROADS: There were in Texas at the beginning of 1010, 92 
railroads doing business under charters from the State, includ- 
ing the belt and terminal companies. Railroad building in Texas 
is greater than in any other state in the Union. The total mileage 
in Texas for the fiscal year, ending June 30, 1909, was 13,110.35. 
The number of tons of freight transported during that period was 
41.913,385. The total railroad earnings were $90,429,450.38, and 
the income $22,334,154. The first railroad constructed in the State 
was the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado railroad, now a part 
of the Southern Pacific system. This company was organized in 
1853. 

RAINFALL: The annual precipitation averages from less than 10 
inches in the extreme Western to 50 inches in the extreme East- 
ern counties. At El Paso the annual rainfall has been less than 3 

33 



inches in the driest year, and as high as 19 inches in the wettest. 
At Houston the least recorded in any one year has been 27, and 
the greatest 73 inches. The summer months bring the most rain, 
except in the Northeastern part of the State, where spring is the 
wettest season, and on the immediate coast where autumn has 
the heaviest rainfall. The winter months generally have the least 
precipitation. Snow occurs seldom in the coast region and lower 
Rio Grande Valley, but as much as 19 inches has fallen in one year 
in the Panhandle. 

RAMIE: See Fibers. 

RAPE: This branch of the turnip family is raised in Texas, though 
not as extensively as other vegetables. 

RESIN: See Naval Stores. 

RHUBARB, sometimes called "pie plant," grows well in Texas and 
meets with a ready sale. 

RICE: Rice culture in South Texas has become one of the staple 
industries, having advanced yearly for the past decade until in 
1909 there were 283.282 acres cultivated in Texas. This crop yielded 
the producers in round figures, $8,000,000. The straw and the second 
crop, used for feeding purposes, yielded several thousand dollars, 
more. The average cost of growing an acre of rice, including 
water rent, is $10 per acre. Texas is at present producing nearly 
one-half of the entire rice crop of the United States. In 1908 
Texas produced 9,142,500 bushels. 

ROADS: The wagon roads of Texas are the pride of the State. 
Built in many instances of shell and gravel, they are ex- 
tremely serviceable and need little repair. There are better roads 
for longer stretches in Texas than in any other state in the 
Union and they are a source of never-ending delight to automobilists. 
Steps are now being taken to build across Texas from East to 
West a finely-graded highway which will form a part of the much 
talked of "coast to coast" wagon and automobile route. 

ROWLANDITE, a mineral composed of 47 per cent yttria, is found 
in considerable quantities in Llano County. 

RUBBER: Many Texas shrubs yield a high grade of rubber, and 
the future of the guayale industry is now assured. Reports 
state that recent experiments in Northern Mexico show that the 
guayale shrub will grow from seed and is greatly improved by 
cultivation. It is estimated that there are not less than 6,000,000 
acres of semi arid land in West Texas especially suited to the 
growth of this valuable rubber shrub. 

34 



RUTABAGAS are grown in truck gardens all over the State. 

RYE: The crop of 1903 was conservatively estimated by the gov- 
ernment as follows: Acreage, 3668; average yield per acre, 
14.2; production, 52.066; average price, 70 cents. The acreage since 
that time has been gradually increased and in the future the rye 
crop will compare favorably with that of other states. 



SAGE is raised extensively in Texas, where it finds a ready market. 

SALSIFY is grown extensively in various parts of Texas. 

SALT is deposited in the lower Gulf coast on the lagoons by evap- 
oration during the summer season. At Colorado, Mitchell 
County, at Grand (Saline, Van Zandt Coxinty, and Palestine, Ander- 
son County, salt is manufactured on a large scale. The output 
for 1907 was 356.086 barrels, valued at $226,540. 

SAND for building- purposes is found throughout the State in great 
abundance. The sand and gravel product for 1907 was 283,484 
short tons, valued at $142,294. 

SAND, MOULDING: Moulding sand is found in large quantities 
near Marshall. Harrison County, and is utilized at that place 
for the moulding of car wheels. 

SAND, GLASS: In many parts of Texas is found a fine white 
sand suitable for the manufacture of glass. It is 98 per cent 
pure. A plant near Fort Worth utilizes the glass sand of the Triniiy 
River. Other deposits are found in Harrison County. 

SARDONY is among the precious stones to be found in Texas. 

SASSAFRAS ROOT is gathered in large quantities in the forests 
of Texas and forms an industry that it almost unlimited. Prac- 
tically the entire output is sold in the State, but eventually there 
will be an expansion of trade in this useful commodity. 

SCHOOLS: Texas is conceded by everyone to have one of the 
finest school systems in the United States, and no time and 
trouble is being spared to make it excel all others. Educational 
institutions of prominence include Texas University, Agricultural 
and Mechanical College, Rice Institute (now building), Baylor Uni 

35 



versity and many others, including a large number of business col- 
leges. Texas has nearly 1,000,000 children of scholastic age. Fol- 
lowing is the condition of the school fund as it appeared on Sep- 
tember 1, 1909: Cash on hand, awaiting investment, $116,805.64; 
bonds belonging to State school fund, $15,922,759.53; land notes, 
$38,406,222.51; estimated value of leased lands, $7,915,256.60; total, 
$62,361,044.28. 

SERPENTINE MARBLE is found in considerable quantities in the 
various Texas quarries. 

SHALLOTS grow well in Texas, and are raised in practically all 
sections of the State. 

SHEEP: The raising of sheep in some localities exceeds that of 
cattle. The number of sheep in Texas in 1907 was 1.665.963, 
and the yearly production is now placed at 500,000 head. For a 
profitable industry sheep raising is hard to beat. San Angelo is 
the largest interior wool market in the United .States, more wool 
being concentrated and sold there than at any single point. Al- 
though the sheep industry has materially changed within the past 
few years, since the flock owners were compelled to own and control 
their range, it lias proved extremely profitable to everyone en- 
gaged in the business, because of the high prices of wool and mut- 
ton. There is no surer income. The chief object of the sheepmen in 
the past has been the production of wool, but ranchmen are be- 
ginning to turn their attention to raising sheep for mutton, which 
will eventually establish this industry on a more lasting basis. 

SHELL is used extensively on the roads of the coast country, be- 
ing found in large quantities on the shores and reefs of the 
Gulf and bays. In many of the rivers, streams and water holes 
great deposits of mussel shells are to be found, which, when polished. 
can be used for buttons, buckles and other ornaments. In some 
of these shells the choicest pearls are found. 

SILK: Certain localities in Western Texas have been pronounced 
by government experts as excellent places for silk culture, and 
the wish has been expressed by the government that the industry 
attain a foothold. American reeled silk is bringing high prices, and 
it is thought this will be an incentive to the establishing of silk 
culture in Texas. 

SILVER occurs in 13 counties of Texas, more or less associated 
with lead and copper ores. These vary from 10 to 2000 ounces 
of silver per ton. One silver mine in West Texas has produced 
over $15,000,000 worth of ore. In 1907 alone this mine produced 
something like 303.688 fine ounces of silver, valued at $200,443. 

36 



SOAPSTONE is found in Texas in considerable quantities, and ef- 
forts are being made to make it a profitable industry. 

SOIL: Probably every formation of soil in America is found in 
some part of Texas, ranging from sandy loam to almost solid 
rock, as the variegated list of Texas products will show. 

SORGHUM is one of the important fodder crops of the State, and 
is also used for making black sorghum molasses, which is dis- 
posed of in local markets at high prices. 

SORREL is grown on many farms throughout the State. 

SOTOL, or Bear Grass. See Fibers. 

SPELT is grown to some extent in various parts of Texas. 

SPINACH is grown in Texas with handsome returns. It is an ex- 
cellent winter crop in the Southern part of the State. 

SQUASH: The squash forms an important part of the Texas truck 
crop. It is a practically sure crop, and sells readily in the 
various markets. 

STONE: Building stone is found throughout the State, with the 
exception of on the coastal prairies, including sandstone, gray 
and shell limestone, and granite and serpentine marble. The yearly 
output is valued at nearly $500,0Co. 

STRAWBERRIES are grown in practically every corner of the 
State and form one of the best paying industries. The varieties 
grown are many and varied and are marketable in the North ahead 
of fruit from other localities, which accounts for the extraordinary 
prices they often bring. This fruit bears as early as December in 
mild winters, continuing often well up until June. 

SUGAR CANE: Texas will soon be in the front rank as a sugar- 
producing state. Although producing less than one-half of the 
total consumption of sugar within its own borders at the present 
time, the development of the industry is making such headway that 
it is not at all unreasonable to state that within three years Texas 
will not only produce the full measure 'of the home demand, but 
will furnish sugar for other states. "The Sugar Bowl of America" 
is a phrase applied to the lower Rio Grande Valley. There are 
other sections of Texas to which the same phrase might be ap- 
plied, for in the bottom lands of the Brazos, Colorado, Caney. 
Guadalupe and other rivers in the coast country are lands and 
conditions superior to those found in other sections of the country. 

37 



SULPHUR: Valuable beds of sulphur have been in existence in the 
Trans-Pecos country for many 'years, as well as in the various 
oil fields, but as yet they have not been exploited to any great ex- 
tent, though a deposit at Big Hill, Matagorda County, will soon 
be developed. 



TALC is found in certain mineral formations in the Trans-Pecos 
region, but is as yet undeveloped. 

TANNERIES are scattered throughout the State and the curing of 
hides is an important branch of Texas industry. 

J.AR is produced in East Texas, but only in such quantities as is 
required for home consumption. 

TAURMALINE is among the precious stones to be found in Texas. 

TEA: The United States department of agriculture is now ex- 
perimenting with the tea plant in Texas. The government gar- 
den contains 30 acres, and the first pickings were made in the 
year 1907. The experiment will be given a thorough test. 

TEMPERATURE: The mean annual temperature ranges from about 
55 degrees in the Northwestern portion of the Panhandle to 73 
degrees in the lower Rio Grande Valley. At Amarillo the monthly 
temperature has averaged as low as 25 degrees in winter and as 
high as 79 degrees in summer, while at Brownsville the lowest 
has been 51 and the highest 88 degrees. The number of days with 
minimum temperature below the freezing point averages 111 per 
annum in the Panhandle, and only 3 on the East coast. The low- 
est ever recorded at Amarillo was 16 below zero, and at Galves 
ton 8 above. Temperatures of 100 degrees and over have occurred 
in all parts of the State from June to September, except on the 
immediate coast, and have been as high as 117 on rare occasions. 
The dates of the earliest killing frost in the autumn range from 
October 16 in the Panhandle to November 30 on the coast, and 
those latest in the spring from March 19 on the coast to May 
23 in the Panhandle. Occasionally a year passes without any 
killing frost on the coast. 

THORO-GURHITE, a mineral composed mainly of thorium, with a 
smaller percentage of curanium, is found in considerable quan- 
tity in Llano County. 

TIN deposits occur in El Paso County, and are now being worked 
with every prospect of profitable returns. 

38 



TOBACCO: The discovery in East Texas of the finest tobacco 
lands in the United States, so pronounced by the experts of the 
agricultural department, is one of the most interesting of the 
many agricultural developments in Texas during recent years. 
Eight counties in 190S had a combined acreage of 425,000 acres, and 
the yield for that year was 2,400,000 pounds. 

TOMATOES are grown generally over the State, and there are few 
places where the soil is not adapted to them. The crop is large 
and the demand persistent. As much as $700 has been realized 
from a two-acre patch. 

TOPAZ is among the precious stones to be found in considerable 
quantity in Texas. 

TREES, SHADE: The soils of Texas are especially adapted to 
the propagation of luxuriant foliage the entire year, and the 
varieties of shade trees include magnolia, maple, boxwood, cedar, 
chinaberry, boxelder, Cottonwood, oak and many others. 

TURKEYS: Texas raises more turkeys than any other state in 
the Union. 

TURNIPS are grown in large numbers wherever other vegetables 
flourish in the State, and find a ready market at home. 

TURPENTINE: See Naval Stores. 

TURQUOISE is among the precious stones to be found in Texas 
in varying quantities. 



V 



VEGETABLES: See individual statistics, such as Potatoes, Cab- 
bage, etc. 

VETCH: Hairy vetch is raised extensively on the farms of South 
Texas. 



w 



WATER, ARTESIAN: The artesian water belt extends well over 
Texas and the quantity of water derived from this source is 
enormous. It is used both for drinking and irrigating purposes. 

WATERMELONS are raised in large quantities all over the State, 

heavy shipments to Northern and Eastern markets being made 

each year. The fruit is juicy and has a delicious flavor seldom 

39 



found except in the South. One hundred dollars per acre is often 
realized. 

WATERWAYS, INLAND: When the inland waterways of Texas 
are completed they will constitute the most complete system in 
the United States, extending in a direct line from the Sabine to 
the Rio Grande, and inland many miles by means of navigable 
rivers. 

WEATHER BUREAU, U. S.: Regular weather bureau stations are 
located at Abilene. Amarillo. Corpus Christi, Del Rio. El Paso, Fort 
Worth, Galveston, Houston, Palestine, San Antonio and Taylor, 
and special meteorological stations are maintained at Ballinger. 
Brownsville. Dallas and Waco. The Houston office has charge of 
the climatological service of the State, with a corps of 175 co- 
operative observers of the river and cotton region services and of 
the distribution of forecasts and warnings, except storm warnings, 
which are under the supervision of the Galveston and Corpus 
Christi offices. Houston is also the central office of the eighth 
climatological district, embracing the watersheds of Texas and of 
the Rio Grande and Rio Pecos. 

WHEAT: Texas produced 10.161,000 bushels of wheat in 1908. The 
yearly average planted is 231 acres per 1000 population. 

WINE: Many portions of Texas are noted for their excellent 
wines, which are made from Mascadine, Scuppernong and other 
grapes. 

WOOL: See Sheep. 



Y 



YTTRIALITE, composed of 46 per cent yttria and 12 per cent thoria 
and other substances, is found in considerable quantities at Bar- 
ringer Hill in Llano County. 



ZINC is found in considerable quantities in Western Texas, par- 
ticularly in the Quitman and Apache Mountains. Lead as a 
by-product is associated with some zinc ores. There were 44.000 
pounds of zinc mined in 1907, valued at $2596. New mines are con- 
stantly being developed. 

ZIRCON: Quantities of this rare earth may be found on Barringer 
Hill in Llano County. 

40 



f 



You've heard of 

HOUSTON, 

haven't you? 

But you don't know all about 

HOUSTON, 

do you? 

If everyone did, 

you'd never be offered 

a chance to buy land 

near 

HOUSTON 

at the prices we quote. 

So, if you want 

some of the best of it 

you should get in touch with us. 

We buy and sell Texas lands. 

You may be sure that we buy 

only the best, 

and that's what we sell. 

Anyhow, 

suppose you write for our booklet, 

"The Texas Coast Country, 

and What it Holds 

for YOU." 

We want good square agents. 
Ask for our references. 

McCARTY-WAY LAND GO. 

DEPENDABLE REAL ESTATE DEALERS 
SCANLAN BUILDING HOUSTON, TEXAS 



MCYIPfl I Akin ALL UNDER CULTIVATION 
IYILAIuU LHIlU ALL UNDER IRRIGATION 

IMMEDIATELY PRODUCTIVE 

WE HAVE 150,000 ACRES OF THIS KIND OF LAND, SUB- 
DIVIDED INTO FARMS IN SIZES TO SUIT THE PUR- 
CHASER, WHICH WE WELL SELL ON VERY EASY TERMS. 
W ATER FOR IRRIGATION FURNISHED AT A COST OF 16 
to 25 CENTS PER ACRE PER ANNUM AND LABOR IN 
PLENTY CAN BE OBTAINED AT FROM 30 to 40 CENTS 
PER DAY (Mexican Currency). 

Such crops as WHEAT, CORN. OATS. ALFALFA. RED CLO- 
VER are produced in abundance as well as all kinds of FRUITS 
such as ORANGES, FIGS, CRAPE FRUIT, LEMONS, AP- 
PLES. PEACHES, ETC. STRAWBERRIES ripen EVERY 
MONTH IX THE YEAR. WHEAT is planted in OCTOBER 
and harvested in APRIL, producing from 50 to 60 bushels per 
acre. The market price of CASH WHEAT in MEXICO CITY 
at the present time is ,*EG0 GOLD per bushel. A crop of 
CORN at the present time is worth $1.15 GOLD per bushel in 
MEXICAN MARKETS. 

This land is located in the most thickly populated district of 
the Republic and on the main line of the National Railway, 
between Mexico City and Guadalajara, affording not only a 
ready market tor your products, but unexcelled shipping facili- 
ties as well. In addition the climate of Central Mexico is not 
surpassed by an\ place on the globe. The temperature very 
seldom exceeds 85 degrees Fahrenheit and never varies over 
:50 degrees during the year. 

(all and see us at our office or write. 

A. C. Swanson. President J \}Z II T V I O fl 

A.G.Canalizo.Act.V.Pres. ||L lYICAIUU Mexico Office 

E. F. Rowson. Secretary nniinillW Ave- de la Inde P endenoia 8 

R. E. Brooks. Treasurer U U M P A N I Mexico City. D. F. 

CAPITAL STOCK. $200,000.00 

401-2-3-4-5-6-7 Mason Building HOUSTON, TEXAS 



A. W. Gardiner & Co. 

313-314 Scanlan Building 

Houston, Texas 



RANCH LANDS 
IN WEST TEXAS 

FARMS in the GULF 
COAST COUNTRY 

Colonization Tracts 
IN EAST TEXAS 

ANY SIZE 

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED 

12,000 acres in Brazoria and Matagorda 
Counties in tracts of from 40 acres up. 
Prices reasonable. ^ Send for map. 



Homes in Texas 



I have provided over 700 
HOMES IN TEXAS for 
families of limited means. I 
have over 700 more on prices 
and terms so easy that the rent 
from the land will meet all 
obligations. I also have the 
greatest bargains and induce- 
ments in MEXICO lands that 
was ever offered to AMERI- 
CAN settlers. 

Write me immediately for de- 
scriptive matter on both TEXAS 
and MEXICO propositions. 



S. H. JACKSON 

No. 706 First National Bank Bldg. HOUSTON. TEXAS 



We Own and Offer 
For Sale 



75,000 acres of the best 
Fruit and Truck Lands 
on the Gulf Coast of Texas 



Theo. F. Koch & Company 

405-409 Binz Building HOUSTON, TEXAS 

1025-1027 Unity Building, CHICAGO, ILL. 
710-716 Globe Building, ST. PAUL, MINN. 



Texas Gulf Coast Lands 

Farm, Timber and Ranch Lands 
Orange, Fig and Truck Lands 

Large and Small Tracts Improved and Unimproved 



We have a good list of excellent bargains in lands 
in the vicinity of Houston and we will supply your 
wants at the very lowest price, write us for full parti- 
culars on any sized proposition that you may want. 

FIVE-ACRE BLOCKS 

Orange, Fig and Truck Land 

W. R. Crammond's new addition to Alvin, Texas, 25 miles South 
of Houston, on two main country roads and only one mile from 
new $20,000 brick school; best quality of black sandy loam; in 
drainage district; best small tract proposition on the market. 
Price only $375, terms $25 cash, $10 per month, no interest, no 
taxes. Write at once for map and description. 

W. R. Crammond & Co. 

304 Scanlan Building HOUSTON, TEXAS 

Members Houston Real Estate Exchange. Houston Business League 



The Iowa Orchards 

Orange and Fig Orchards in the Texas Gulf 
Coast Country pay the largest returns of any 

SAFE INVESTMENT 

Texas oranges won the first prize over California and Florida 
at the National Fruit Show. This proves that this is the best 
country for oranges in America. Figs are as sure and staple a 
crop as corn or wheat and produce a crop the first year. 

Mr. Gills' Orange Orchard, near Houston, averaged $8 to 
$10 per tree for the past four years; 1909 crop sold for $1000 
an acre. Mr. N. E. Stout received $6300 from his six and one- 
half acres of oranges last year, and others doing equally as 
well. 

THE IOWA ORCHARDS were planned for the non-resi- 
dent investor, like yourself, who is willing to lay aside $10 or 
more a month to have an orchard planted and taken care of — 
under our direct personal supervision — just as if you were here 
to look after it yourself. 

When they get into bearing we will market the crops for 
you, or you can take possession and live among the fruit and 
flowers, and enjoy all the pleasures of the city, as the orchards 
are only ten miles from Houston, the largest and fastest grow- 
ing city in the Southwest. 

Choice acreage in large or small bodies at attractive prices 



a 
O 



§• 

s 

o 



E AND SEE OUR 200-ACRE ORANGE 
AND FIG ORCHARD 

Illustrated Booklet Free 



VDERMEYER 

>VNER 

Houston, Texas 



(f> 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 646 802 



To Homeseekers and 
Investors 



We buy, sell and ex- 
change lands. Make 
investments and pay 
taxes for non-resi- 
dents. Information 
furnished on application. 




Robinson - Smith Realty 
& Investment Company 

404-405 Kiam Building HOUSTON, TEXAS 

Reference: UNION NATIONAL BANK, Houston, Texas 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 646 802 • 



